How best to move system to SSD

Hello All, I now have my SSD and have been trying to sort out how best to go about the business of moving my system to it. There is a lot of stuff on the web about this and I think I have some of it figured out, but none I have seen really fits what I want to do. Best to check before I bugger everything up. Firstly I am running Fedora 20 and my current disc is 500 GB formatted as /boot = 577 MB, / = 52 GB, swap = 8.4 GB, /home = 439 GB. My SSD is 256 GB. My thinking is that I would format the SSD as /boot = 500 MB, / = 50 GB, swap = 8 GB, and /home = 197 GB. After setting up the SSD as my boot disc I will transfer a number of folders from my current /home and leave the rest on the current disc which I would mount as /home/terry/disk2 (say). I should add I have a second 500 GB disc that I can use to hold stuff while reformatting my current 500 GB drive. So, the plan looks like this...(but some bits are not clear to me) install the SSD and partition (as above) as ext4 using gparted. Reboot with live distro and mount the 500 GB (spinning) disc and the SSD; sudo mkdir /media/src sudo mkdir /media/ssd sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/src sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/ssd then copy src to ssd sudo rsync -ax /media/src/ /media/dest/ I think this will copy my /boot only, is that correct? If it is only /boot copied then I need to also... sudo mount /dev/sda2 /media/src sudo mount /dev/sdd2 /media/ssd then copy src to ssd sudo rsync -ax /media/src/ /media/dest/ to copy my / across. now I can unmount /media/src, and unmount /media/ssd I now need to get the UUID of the SSD drive (sudo /sbin/blkid) and mount the SSD partition where Fedora is now installed... sudo mount /dev/ssd2 /media/ssd (assuming /dev/ssd2 is my new /) open /media/ssd/etc/fstab and replace the UUIDs of old disc with the UUIDs of the SSD, and include the options noatime,discard also add tmpfs to fstab for some temp and logs tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=0755 0 0 Now to reinstall grub, after a reboot with live distro... Here it gets a bit murky for me, not quite sure what I should be doing. What I have read says mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt then proceeds to also mount /sys /proc /run /dev under /mnt, but this doesn't look right when my /dev/sdd1 is /boot Can someone please clear up my confusion and perhaps point me to some advice that better fits the partitioning scheme I want to end up with? Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

Terry, Some comments, sure to stir up trouble: 1) No need for a separate /boot 2) No need for 8.4GB of swap. 1, max 3) 50gb / partition? really? How much stuff do you have installed? 4) Why are you painting yourself into a corner using physical partitions? Personally, I'd create one big PV on the disk, create a 10gb LV for root, and however much you actually need (and a bit extra) for home Grub can boot from it fine, and it'll give you flexibility for growing where needed later. The fact that I was using such a setup when I moved from spinning disk to SSD made my transition much easier: 1) Physically install SSD, boot as normal 2) pvcreate a PV on it. 3) vgextend the VG onto the new PV 4) pvmove all extents off the old PV onto the new PV 5) vgreduce to remove the old drive from the VG 6) grub-install to put grub on the MBR 7) shut down, remove old spinning disk 8) put feet up and enjoy the SSD LVM FTW cheers, / Brett On Wed, Jun 4, 2014 at 4:17 PM, Terry Duell <tduell@iinet.net.au> wrote:
Hello All, I now have my SSD and have been trying to sort out how best to go about the business of moving my system to it.

On Wed, 4 Jun 2014 04:29:22 PM Brett Pemberton wrote:
Some comments, sure to stir up trouble:
Never! :-) The way I've done it on my home machine is: Pair of SSDs for OS Pair of spinning rust for user data (an existing MD raid) I installed Kubuntu 14.04 onto one SSD using btrfs as the filesystem, and made sure I left some unpartitioned space (~1GB) free as experience on the btrfs list (and from others) indicates this can help the FTL (the firmware) on some SSDs with garbage collection. I then added the second SSD as a btrfs RAID-1 device and balanced the filesystem. cheers, Chris -- Chris Samuel : http://www.csamuel.org/ : Melbourne, VIC

On Wed, 4 Jun 2014 22:26:37 Chris Samuel wrote:
Pair of SSDs for OS Pair of spinning rust for user data (an existing MD raid)
As SSDs are somewhat expensive one of my systems has a BTRFS RAID-1 of 3TB SATA disks for file serving etc and a single SSD for / and /home. I have cron jobs which rsync snapshots of the SSD to the RAID-1 array so I'll only lose less than 24 hours of data if there's a SSD error (I could reduce that time if I wanted but I don't think there's a need). -- My Main Blog http://etbe.coker.com.au/ My Documents Blog http://doc.coker.com.au/

Hello Brett, On Wed, 04 Jun 2014 16:29:22 +1000, Brett Pemberton <brett.pemberton@gmail.com> wrote:
Terry,
Some comments, sure to stir up trouble:
Well, not trouble so much as perhaps more confusion. I am comfortable with the partitioning scheme I described and was looking for confirmation on the correct steps to move my system to the SSD. I guess you feel there is a better way of doing it, but now I just have a whole new lot of stuff to try to come to grips with.
1) No need for a separate /boot 2) No need for 8.4GB of swap. 1, max
There will only be one swap, the one on the SSD. The swap on the old disc will go when I reformat and rearrange the data that doesn't go onto the SSD.
3) 50gb / partition? really? How much stuff do you have installed?
Not 50 GB...currently / has about 26 GB on it.
4) Why are you painting yourself into a corner using physical partitions?
Well I don't see it quite that way. This arrangement has been satisfactory for quite a while, and is unlikely to be a problem.
Personally, I'd create one big PV on the disk, create a 10gb LV for root, and however much you actually need (and a bit extra) for home Grub can boot from it fine, and it'll give you flexibility for growing where needed later.
The fact that I was using such a setup when I moved from spinning disk to SSD made my transition much easier:
Are the following steps what you are suggesting I use, or what you used to move from one PV to a new one?
1) Physically install SSD, boot as normal 2) pvcreate a PV on it. 3) vgextend the VG onto the new PV 4) pvmove all extents off the old PV onto the new PV 5) vgreduce to remove the old drive from the VG 6) grub-install to put grub on the MBR 7) shut down, remove old spinning disk
The old spinning disk stays as additional data storage, for the less used stuff.
8) put feet up and enjoy the SSD
and the fstab stuff, should I use tmpfs, and make other SSD specific changes? I appreciate your help, but would really appreciate someone confirming that the steps I outlined are OK, and clarifying those few specific issues that I had...then, with a bit more homework by me on LVM, maybe I can make a decision on how I should proceed. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

On 5/06/2014 9:22 AM, Terry Duell wrote:
Hello Brett,
On Wed, 04 Jun 2014 16:29:22 +1000, Brett Pemberton <brett.pemberton@gmail.com> wrote:
Terry,
Some comments, sure to stir up trouble:
Well, not trouble so much as perhaps more confusion. I am comfortable with the partitioning scheme I described and was looking for confirmation on the correct steps to move my system to the SSD. I guess you feel there is a better way of doing it, but now I just have a whole new lot of stuff to try to come to grips with.
Yes, but that's often the case with IT .... you have to keep learning. Using LVM with RAID1 is my preference, but LVM without RAID1 is still good and well worth getting your head around. Cheers A.

Hello Andrew, On Sun, 08 Jun 2014 22:45:41 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
On 5/06/2014 9:22 AM, Terry Duell wrote:
Hello Brett,
On Wed, 04 Jun 2014 16:29:22 +1000, Brett Pemberton <brett.pemberton@gmail.com> wrote:
Terry,
Some comments, sure to stir up trouble:
Well, not trouble so much as perhaps more confusion. I am comfortable with the partitioning scheme I described and was looking for confirmation on the correct steps to move my system to the SSD. I guess you feel there is a better way of doing it, but now I just have a whole new lot of stuff to try to come to grips with.
Yes, but that's often the case with IT .... you have to keep learning.
Yes, it's the case with everything...but more so with IT it seems. I've been learning this stuff for about 47 years now! I don't mind being advised to do something differently, but just occasionally it would be nice if someone answered the original question so that I can learn a bit more about that as well :-)
Using LVM with RAID1 is my preference, but LVM without RAID1 is still good and well worth getting your head around.
I may well have to try to understand how my problem can be solved using LVM, because attempting to do it via all the available advice (on the web) thus far has proven to be unsatisfactory. Attempts to use standard partitioning of the SSD, rsync my system and data files across, adjust my /etc/fstab, results in never getting any further than the login prompt when booting into the SSD. The login prompt keeps returning. Searches for what might be causing that haven't resulted in any useful advice. I also had advice to do a clean install then copy files to SSD, but that has the same result. I suspect that there must be a file or files, other than /etc/fstab, that have stuff relating to the old disc, and if this is the case is moving a volume group going to have the same problem? Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

Hi Terry, On 9/06/2014 10:27 AM, Terry Duell wrote:
I may well have to try to understand how my problem can be solved using LVM, because attempting to do it via all the available advice (on the web) thus far has proven to be unsatisfactory. Attempts to use standard partitioning of the SSD, rsync my system and data files across, adjust my /etc/fstab, results in never getting any further than the login prompt when booting into the SSD. The login prompt keeps returning. Searches for what might be causing that haven't resulted in any useful advice. I also had advice to do a clean install then copy files to SSD, but that has the same result. I suspect that there must be a file or files, other than /etc/fstab, that have stuff relating to the old disc, and if this is the case is moving a volume group going to have the same problem?
How about doing this: blkid -c /dev/null That will list all the partitions, then change the /etc/fstab with UUID entries, then it won't matter which disk the partitions are on. You still need to be able to boot, so wherever the boot files are, they need to be handled. You'll probably have a standard MBR type partition table too, no GPT to worry about. Hope that helps somewhat at least ;-) Cheers A.

On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 11:43:33 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
Hi Terry,
[snip]
I suspect that there must be a file or files, other than /etc/fstab, that have stuff relating to the old disc, and if this is the case is moving a volume group going to have the same problem?
How about doing this:
blkid -c /dev/null
That will list all the partitions, then change the /etc/fstab with UUID entries, then it won't matter which disk the partitions are on.
The /etc/fstab has UUID entries.
You still need to be able to boot, so wherever the boot files are, they need to be handled. You'll probably have a standard MBR type partition table too, no GPT to worry about.
I think it boots, as I don't think I would get to the login prompt, but it keeps returning to the prompt. I have checked user:group stuff (/etc/group) and that is the same for both discs. It is all on a new MB, hence the new install to the SSD was GPT and the boot was all OK until I copied my old / across. /boot was on a separate partition so none of that was monkeyed with on the SSD. The reason I copied / across, after the new install, is that the updates to get to my current setup plus all the additional packages would be horrendous. I did update the kernel on the SSD first, that was necessary to see the wired network, and that booted OK.
Hope that helps somewhat at least ;-)
Don't think so :-( I'll keep searching for clues. The way Google seems to work these days one has to be quite enlightened to figure out the right search string to get an answer that helps. Thanks for your help. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

Hi Terry, On 9/06/2014 12:00 PM, Terry Duell wrote:
On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 11:43:33 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
How about doing this:
blkid -c /dev/null
That will list all the partitions, then change the /etc/fstab with UUID entries, then it won't matter which disk the partitions are on.
The /etc/fstab has UUID entries.
So the UUIDs match properly? Whenever you create a file system, it will get a new UUID value generated.
I think it boots, as I don't think I would get to the login prompt, but it keeps returning to the prompt. I have checked user:group stuff (/etc/group) and that is the same for both discs.
Strange about the login situation. When you copied / .... how did you do that exactly? I'm thinking that there are permission issues with files if the copy wasn't done correctly. /etc/shadow for instance needs specific permissions (640 owned by root:shadow). If the user id number(s) have changed, then you might have issues with incorrect owner for the homedirs. Cheers A.

Hello Andrew, On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 13:06:26 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
Hi Terry,
On 9/06/2014 12:00 PM, Terry Duell wrote:
On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 11:43:33 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
How about doing this:
blkid -c /dev/null
That will list all the partitions, then change the /etc/fstab with UUID entries, then it won't matter which disk the partitions are on.
The /etc/fstab has UUID entries.
So the UUIDs match properly? Whenever you create a file system, it will get a new UUID value generated.
Yes. The UUIDs in the SSD /etc/fstab were generated during the fresh Fedora install and match those returned by blkid, so I don't think there is an issue there.
I think it boots, as I don't think I would get to the login prompt, but it keeps returning to the prompt. I have checked user:group stuff (/etc/group) and that is the same for both discs.
Strange about the login situation.
When you copied / .... how did you do that exactly? I'm thinking that there are permission issues with files if the copy wasn't done correctly. /etc/shadow for instance needs specific permissions (640 owned by root:shadow).
I was booted into my old disk, and the SSD was mounted as (something like) "/run/media/terry/xxxx...", and I used rsync as follows; "sudo rsync -av I was booted into the SSD and had my old / partition mounted, can't remember exactly but something like "/run/media/xxx...", and I think I used rsync as follows; "sudo rsync -av /run/media/xxx/ /"
If the user id number(s) have changed, then you might have issues with incorrect owner for the homedirs.
Do you mean the numbers for user:group that are in /etc/group? Both systems have me (user terry) as 1000:1000. I think it is a permission issue, I have just found (on the SSD, the one which keeps returning to login) that "~/xsession-errors" says "Failed to run command: Permission denied", and that's all, no clue as where that permission error is. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 13:31:53 +1000, Terry Duell <tduell@iinet.net.au> wrote: Whoops...sorry for the confusion, I started out telling the wrong story, and didn't edit out the wrong bits before sending. [snip] This bit is wrong
I was booted into my old disk, and the SSD was mounted as (something like) "/run/media/terry/xxxx...", and I used rsync as follows; "sudo rsync -av
this bit is correct.
I was booted into the SSD and had my old / partition mounted, can't remember exactly but something like "/run/media/xxx...", and I think I used rsync as follows; "sudo rsync -av /run/media/xxx/ /"
Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

Hi Terry, Often times it is best to collect the list of packages to install (from the old setup), install them. Then perhaps just copy over the relevant settings files from /etc directory tree -- not everything, just those files that are known to be required for the config adjustments. For the /home dir, is that set to 755 perms? And then /home/terry or whatever you home directory is, does that have 755 as well with the right UID:GID ? Cheers A.

Hello Andrew, On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 14:01:51 +1000, Andrew McGlashan <andrew.mcglashan@affinityvision.com.au> wrote:
Hi Terry,
Often times it is best to collect the list of packages to install (from the old setup), install them. Then perhaps just copy over the relevant settings files from /etc directory tree -- not everything, just those files that are known to be required for the config adjustments.
Yes, that may have been the way to go for less anguish.
For the /home dir, is that set to 755 perms? And then /home/terry or whatever you home directory is, does that have 755 as well with the right UID:GID ?
Checking both old disk install (spinning disk) and the new SSD shows both /home and /home/terry have 700 permissions. The UID:GIDs check OK. I am now running on the Fedora 20 on the SSD...I was just about post a message to say the login problem is solved. Don't know yet if other issues will raise their ugly head. The problem was SELinux, it was set to enforcing. I set it to permissive in /etc/selinux/config and was immediately able to boot and login to the new system. Thanks for your continued interest in my problem, and your help. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

On Mon, 9 Jun 2014 14:19:32 Terry Duell wrote:
The problem was SELinux, it was set to enforcing. I set it to permissive in /etc/selinux/config and was immediately able to boot and login to the new system.
The correct thing to do is to touch /.autorelabel and then on the next reboot it will label all the filesystems. Also if you login at a console (press CTRL-ALT-F1 to get a console) then you are less likely to have login fail and more likely to get a useful error message if it does. -- My Main Blog http://etbe.coker.com.au/ My Documents Blog http://doc.coker.com.au/

Hello Russell, On Mon, 09 Jun 2014 15:03:26 +1000, Russell Coker <russell@coker.com.au> wrote:
On Mon, 9 Jun 2014 14:19:32 Terry Duell wrote:
The problem was SELinux, it was set to enforcing. I set it to permissive in /etc/selinux/config and was immediately able to boot and login to the new system.
The correct thing to do is to touch /.autorelabel and then on the next reboot it will label all the filesystems.
OK.
Also if you login at a console (press CTRL-ALT-F1 to get a console) then you are less likely to have login fail and more likely to get a useful error message if it does.
I tried that, all logins immediately reverted to login prompt. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

G'day, On 04/06/14 16:17, Terry Duell wrote:
Hello All, I now have my SSD and have been trying to sort out how best to go about the business of moving my system to it. There is a lot of stuff on the web about this and I think I have some of it figured out, but none I have seen really fits what I want to do. Best to check before I bugger everything up.
Firstly I am running Fedora 20 and my current disc is 500 GB formatted as /boot = 577 MB, / = 52 GB, swap = 8.4 GB, /home = 439 GB. My SSD is 256 GB.
My thinking is that I would format the SSD as /boot = 500 MB, / = 50 GB, swap = 8 GB, and /home = 197 GB. After setting up the SSD as my boot disc I will transfer a number of folders from my current /home and leave the rest on the current disc which I would mount as /home/terry/disk2 (say).
Traditionally, /home was a separate partition to prevent lusers from filling up the root partition and potentially bringing the server down. Is there any advantage to having a separate /home partition on a Desktop system with only one (or a few) end-users?
I should add I have a second 500 GB disc that I can use to hold stuff while reformatting my current 500 GB drive.
If you have a spare 500 GB drive, I'd recommend using that instead (and not reformatting your existing 500 GB drive), until you're satisfied with your new setup, say in a few months down the track. You have a rollback option (and a data backup) then if everything goes pear shaped.
So, the plan looks like this...(but some bits are not clear to me) install the SSD and partition (as above) as ext4 using gparted. Reboot with live distro and mount the 500 GB (spinning) disc and the SSD; sudo mkdir /media/src sudo mkdir /media/ssd
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/src sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/ssd
then copy src to ssd sudo rsync -ax /media/src/ /media/dest/
I think this will copy my /boot only, is that correct?
If /dev/sda1 = /boot, then yes.
If it is only /boot copied then I need to also...
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /media/src sudo mount /dev/sdd2 /media/ssd
then copy src to ssd sudo rsync -ax /media/src/ /media/dest/ to copy my / across.
now I can unmount /media/src, and unmount /media/ssd
I now need to get the UUID of the SSD drive (sudo /sbin/blkid) and mount the SSD partition where Fedora is now installed... sudo mount /dev/ssd2 /media/ssd (assuming /dev/ssd2 is my new /)
open /media/ssd/etc/fstab and replace the UUIDs of old disc with the UUIDs of the SSD, and include the options noatime,discard
also add tmpfs to fstab for some temp and logs
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=0755 0 0
Now to reinstall grub, after a reboot with live distro...
Here it gets a bit murky for me, not quite sure what I should be doing. What I have read says mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt then proceeds to also mount /sys /proc /run /dev under /mnt, but this doesn't look right when my /dev/sdd1 is /boot
Can someone please clear up my confusion and perhaps point me to some advice that better fits the partitioning scheme I want to end up with?
Not sure about this either, but I get the impression at this point you want to chroot into your SSD root partiton (/dev/sdd2), and once there, mount all your other SSD partitions (if /etc/fstab has already been configured, 'mount -a' should do the trick). Once chrooted, you can install the boot loader. Btw, is there any barrier to just doing a fresh install on the SSD, get that partitioned, bootable and running (as part of the installation process), and then mounting your existing 500 GB disk to copy the necessary data across? Crispy.

Hello Tony, On Thu, 05 Jun 2014 11:44:46 +1000, Tony Crisp <supervoc@arc.net.au> wrote: [snip]
My thinking is that I would format the SSD as /boot = 500 MB, / = 50 GB, swap = 8 GB, and /home = 197 GB. After setting up the SSD as my boot disc I will transfer a number of folders from my current /home and leave the rest on the current disc which I would mount as /home/terry/disk2 (say).
Traditionally, /home was a separate partition to prevent lusers from filling up the root partition and potentially bringing the server down. Is there any advantage to having a separate /home partition on a Desktop system with only one (or a few) end-users?
I think so, having /home as a separate partition makes distro updates simpler.
I should add I have a second 500 GB disc that I can use to hold stuff while reformatting my current 500 GB drive.
If you have a spare 500 GB drive, I'd recommend using that instead (and not reformatting your existing 500 GB drive), until you're satisfied with your new setup, say in a few months down the track. You have a rollback option (and a data backup) then if everything goes pear shaped.
Yes, I wouldn't reformat my existing drive until it has all 'settled down'. [snip]
Now to reinstall grub, after a reboot with live distro...
Here it gets a bit murky for me, not quite sure what I should be doing. What I have read says mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt then proceeds to also mount /sys /proc /run /dev under /mnt, but this doesn't look right when my /dev/sdd1 is /boot
Can someone please clear up my confusion and perhaps point me to some advice that better fits the partitioning scheme I want to end up with?
Not sure about this either, but I get the impression at this point you want to chroot into your SSD root partiton (/dev/sdd2), and once there, mount all your other SSD partitions (if /etc/fstab has already been configured, 'mount -a' should do the trick). Once chrooted, you can install the boot loader.
OK.
Btw, is there any barrier to just doing a fresh install on the SSD, get that partitioned, bootable and running (as part of the installation process), and then mounting your existing 500 GB disk to copy the necessary data across?
Probably no barrier to that approach, but I do have a quite a lot of additional stuff installed. I suspect rsync'ing my system files across may be simpler...not sure. Thanks for your help. Cheers, -- Regards, Terry Duell

On Thu, 5 Jun 2014 12:37:52 Terry Duell wrote:
Traditionally, /home was a separate partition to prevent lusers from filling up the root partition and potentially bringing the server down. Is there any advantage to having a separate /home partition on a Desktop system with only one (or a few) end-users?
I think so, having /home as a separate partition makes distro updates simpler.
If you want to change to a different distribution or use a distribution that has no good support for upgrades then that's the case. If you use a Debian based distribution then you can always upgrade it without doing a reinstall so that's not necessary. Also most distributions support installing without running mkfs, so if you have everything in a single partition then you could just rm -rf everything apart from /home before the installation.
I should add I have a second 500 GB disc that I can use to hold stuff while reformatting my current 500 GB drive.
If you have a spare 500 GB drive, I'd recommend using that instead (and not reformatting your existing 500 GB drive), until you're satisfied with your new setup, say in a few months down the track. You have a rollback option (and a data backup) then if everything goes pear shaped.
Yes, I wouldn't reformat my existing drive until it has all 'settled down'.
500G is small by today's standards. If you use the first 500G of a 1TB disk then it'll be a lot faster than a 500G disk.
Btw, is there any barrier to just doing a fresh install on the SSD, get that partitioned, bootable and running (as part of the installation process), and then mounting your existing 500 GB disk to copy the necessary data across?
Probably no barrier to that approach, but I do have a quite a lot of additional stuff installed. I suspect rsync'ing my system files across may be simpler...not sure.
rsync is simpler for people who have had experience doing some of the unusual things with Linux. If you lack such experience then you'll probably find a fresh install to be simpler. You can copy the configuration files over after a fresh install. -- My Main Blog http://etbe.coker.com.au/ My Documents Blog http://doc.coker.com.au/
participants (6)
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Andrew McGlashan
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Brett Pemberton
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Chris Samuel
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Russell Coker
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Terry Duell
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Tony Crisp