My method was to decide on my fully populated capacity: 9 drives, and
then just source old drives to make that happen.
So my initial raidz array was 3 x raidz1 vdevs, each with 3 drives. In
my initial state these were 500gb drives I had lying around, or
sourced for very cheap. 4 of them were even PATA. I was then able to
replace them with larger drives, 3 at a time.
As long as you can source some cheap old (but still relatively
reliable) drives, you can still use ZFS in the same way as mdadm.