Hi Russell,
there was enough space (in theory) to keep all data on one disk (less than 5GB on a 8GB partition, from memory), and the "btrfs delete" seems to have succeeded. "btrfs filesystem df /" and device stats looked fine and did not show any reference to the second disk.
The trouble only started when I removed the second disk (physically, as in disk on a virtual machine on ESXi).
Using a newer kernel is out of question here - I have to use the latest "Enterprise Linux" (CentOS 7) without patches.
It looks as I have to abandon all plans to use btrfs and am back in the stone age.
Thanks for comments and suggestions
Peter